Internal-combustion engine



Jun I4, 1932.

L. M. WOOLSON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 26, 1929 LIONEL MNED-LEON.

Patented June 14, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LIONEL M. WOOLSON, OFDETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPANY, OF DETROIT,MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINEApplication filed September 26, 1929. Serial No. 395,423.

& erate a plunger within a predetermined range of effective injectionmovement.

A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of fuelinjecting device in which a pump and actuating mechanism therefor areassociated and related so that they can be readily assembled ordisconnected.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a pump,-forinjecting fuel in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine,

having an injecting plunger and an actuator guide portion which can bereadily assoc1ated or disconnected.

These and other objects of the invent-ion will appear from the followingdescription taken in connection with the drawing, which forms a part ofthis specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a Diesel type ofaninternal combustion engine showing a fuel injection deviceincorporating my invention associated with one cylinder thereof;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the fuel injecting deviceillustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View of the fuel injecting device taken on line 33of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevation of the fuel injecting deviceillustrating the manner of observing the effective stroke of the pumpplunger, from the exterior of its casing.

Referring now to the drawing by characters of reference, represents theannular crankcase of an internal combustion engine having a compartment11 for the reception .of the connecting rods 12 and a compartment 13 inwhich the fuel pump actuating mechanism and the valve actuatingmechanism are arranged. The compartments l1 and 13 are separatedby awall 14, and a closure member 15 is secured to one end of the crankcase.The crankshaft 16 extends axially through the crankcase, and isconnected to rotate the cam 17 which actuates the fuel injection deviceindicated generally at 18. A similar cam (not shown) is operated fromthe crankshaft to actuate the valve mechanism.

Cylinders such as illustrated at 19 are disposed radially around thecrankcase,and include the portion 20 which extends into the connectingrod housing, and a shoulder 21 whichis formed to bear against thesurface of the crankcase surrounding the opening through which theportion 20 extends. A pair of tie rods 22 encircle the shoulders 21 andare arranged to exert compression around the crankcase and tomaintainthe cylinders securely in position with the crankcase. A piston 23 isarranged in each of the cylinders 19, and is secured to the connectingrod 12 in a conventional manner. The cylinder is provided with anintegral head 24 upon which an auxiliary head 25 is secured by aplurality of studs 26'. The auxiliary head is provided with a neckportion 27 which carries the bearing 28 in which the stem of the valve.

29 reciprocates. The head of the cylinder is provided with a passage 30through which air is drawn into the cylinder on the suction stroke ofthe piston and through which exhaust is moved out of the cylinder.

The engine which I have illustrated is of the four cycle type, and thevalve actuating mechanism is timed to maintain the valve in openposition so that the passage 30 is in open communication with theinterior of the cylinder during the air intake and exhaust cycles and isclosed during the compression and explosion cycles. The piston isformedwith a recess to permit its approach to a point adjacent thecylinder head when the valve 29 is opened, and also to permit theinjection of fuel into the combustion chamber, at the upper end of thecylinder, when the piston is at top dead center positio trative of onetype of engine with which my invention can be associated. The fuel 11n-'jection device is comprised of a pump section and a nozzle section whichare united and assembled with the cylinder as an integral structure, thenozzle portion of the device being illustrated at 31. Actuating means isinterposed intermediate the pump section and the cam 17 for moving theplunger 32 in its injection stroke, the spring 33 being arranged toretract the plungerafter the injection stroke. The plunger is arrangedto operate ina sleeve 34 which is carried within a casing 35, and ahousing 36 surrounds a portion of the casing and serves as a portion ofthe conduit through which liquid fuel passes into the pump barrel. Thecasing and the barrel 34 are provided with a plurality of ports 37through which liquid fuel passes from the housing into the interior ofthe barrel, and suitable low pressure circulating means is associatedwith the fuel feed line to force fuel into the pump barrel when theplunger 32 is retracted and has uncovered the ports 37. It will be seenthat as the plunger 32 is moving in its injection stroke, the ports 37will be closed thereby, whereupon the liquid fuel so trapped in thebarrel beyond the piston-will be compressed so that it is injected undera high pressure through the check valve 38 and the nozzle structure 31,into the cylinder.

Y The plunger 32 is formed with a head 39, the end of which is rounded.A guide member 40 forming a continuation of the plunger is arranged tobe reciprocated in the casing 35 and is provided with a centraldepending bearing portion 41 with which the actuating mechanism engagesto cause the injection stroke of the plunger. The guide extension isformed with a transversely extending undercut slot 42 so that the headof the piston will be retained therein when in assembled relation. Itwill be observed that the guide can be associated .with or removed fromthe head of the piston by a lateral sliding movement, and the piston andguide are preferably assembled previous to their association with thepump casing 35. The punip casing is provided with an annular grooveadjacent its open end for the reception of a split spring retainer 43which ex tends interiorly of the casing sufliciently to preventdisplacement of the plunger guide extension. The end of the casing isformed with a recess 44 into which a tool can be in serted for annularlycompressing the retainer 43 and removing it from the groove in thecasing. The spring 33 is arranged to bear against a shoulder formed bythe casing and the pump barrel at one end, and against the plunger guideextension at the other end.

It will be seen that with the arrangement v just described, the plungerand its guide can be readily assembled and disassembled from the casing,and that the relation is such that the plunger will reciprocate in theproper plane at all times.

The nozzle section of the fuel injection desecured with the cylinder bycap screws 46.\ This manner of securing the nozzle provides the solesupport for the unitary fuel injecting device, so that upon the removalof the cap screws, such unitary structure can be readily removed fromthe cylinder.

The crankcase is provided with an aperture through which a bearingmember 47 extends, a flange 48 thereof being secured to the exterior ofthe casing by the cap screws 49. Such bearing member is arranged toextend in an axial plane with the fuel pump plunger and to house the rod50 which is reciprocated therein by the link 51 which is attached to anadjustable ring member 52 secured in a groove in the wall 14 of thecrankcase. The link 51 is actuated through a pivoted rocker lever 53which is mounted upon a shaft 54' secured to the crankcase walls 14 and15. By rotating the ring member, the angular relation of the link 51 isvaried so that the stroke imparted to the rod 50 can be adjusted. Itwill be seen that rotationof the cam 17 will cause a rocking movement ofthe rocker lever 53 and when the cam lobe engages the rocker lever, thelink 51 and the rod 50 will be moved in a direction to cause the fuelpump to move upon a fuel injection stroke, the spring 33 returning suchmechanism so that the rocker lever will always ride upon the peripheryof the cam between the injection strokes. I j

The actuator rod 50 is provided in its end adjacent the piston with an'aperture into which the tappet stud 54 is threaded, and the adjustmentofsuch stud axially of the rod 50 determines the effective range in whichthe plunger will be actuated in the barrel. A lock nut 55 is arranged tomaintain the bolt 54 in desired adjusted relation. An annular groove isformed adjacent one end of the bearing member 47 for the reception of asplit spring retainer 56, and a recess 57 is formed in the end of thehearing so that a tool can be inserted therein to compress the retainerannularly andremove the same from the groove. .The purpose of thisretainer is to prevent axial displacement of the rod 50 from the bearingmember, and to thereby maintain the actuating mechanism in operativeposition. The retainer is required especially for this purpose in thefuel mechanisms associated with cylinders having their heads lowermostbecause otherwise the rod 50 would fall out when the associated pump andnozzle structure'is detached.

A sleeve 58 is arranged to enclose the space between the lower end ofthe pump casing and the upper end of the bearing. Such sleeve ispreferably formed of spring metal, and the end engaging with the bearingis provided with slots thereby forming spring fingers which will engagethe enlarged end 59 of the bearing. The end of the pump casing is formedwith a semi-circular bead and the periphery of such head is of adiameter such that it will telescope within the end of the sleeve 58. Itwill be .seen that upon removal of the cap screws 46, the unitarystructure consisting of the nozzle and pump sections can be movedlaterally away from the cylinder and entirely disengaged from theactuating mechanism without disturbing the position of such associatedelements, and it of course follows that the same can be assembled in asimilar relation. The

' beaded end of the pump casing allows for a rocking movement of thecasing out of or into the end of the sleeve 58 when the nozzle portionof the structure is tilted outwardly, or inwardly, as the case may be.

If it is desired to change the relation of the bolt 54 with the bearingportion 41 of the plunger guide extension, then the sleeve 58 can beremoved from the bearing 47 into' a position further telescoping thepump casing so that a wrench can be applied to the bolt and the nut 55to space the head of the tappet bolt a desired distance from the end ofthe rod 50.

Indicating mechanism is associated with the device so that the tappetcan be adjusted to cause the pump to travel in a predeterminedefi'ective range. The casing is provided with apertures 61 through whichthe movement of the plunger guide extension can be observed from theexterior, and lines 62 and 63 are arranged on the casing adjacent theends of the slots. Such lines determine the predetermined maximum rangeof the effective movement of the plunger, the line 62 representing theposition of the plunger just after closing the ports 37 while the line63 indicates the extreme injection position of the plunger. The rangemarks are arranged to register with the shoulder 6-1 on the guideextension to indicate the effective piston position. Through adjustmentof the tappet, the actuating mechanism will cause the desired movementof the plunger in a predetermined effective stroke, and such adjustmentcan be readily made to/compensate for manufacturing inaccuracies and forwear. With such an adjustment the pumps for a multi-cylinder engine,operated by a single cam in timed relation, can be set to be actuatedsimilarly so that uniform fuel charges will be injected into the severalcylinders. It will be understood that the effective stroke of theplunger can be varied by manipulation of the ring member 52, asheretofore described, however such adjustment will be within the rangeestablished by the tappet adjustment.

While I have herein described in some detail a specific embodiment of myinvention,

which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I donot desire it to be understood that my invention is limited to the exactdetails of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may bemade therein without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a liquid fuel injecting device for internal combustion engines, acasing, a pump barrel carried, within the casing, a plunger structureincluding a plunger in the barrel and a guide extension in the casing,and removable retaining means associated with the casing for preventingthe endwise displacement of the plunger structure from operativeposition.

2. In a liquid fuel injecting device for internal combustion engines, afuel injecting pump structure including a plunger,a bearing, plungeractuating means extending through the bearing, said fuel injectingstructure being detachable from the associated actuating means, and aremovable retainer associated with the bearing preventing displacementof the actuating means when the pump structure is out of associationtherewith.

3. In combination with an engine cylinder and crankcase, a unitary fuelpump and nozzle structure detachably secured to the cylinder, and pumpactuating means extending through the engine casing in operativerelation with the pump, said pump and nozzle structure being removablefrom the cylinder without disturbing the operative position of theactuating mechanism.

4. In combination with an engine cylinder and crankcase, a fuel pump andnozzle structure secured to the cylinder, said structure having a casingenclosing a plunger, actuating mechanism extending through thecrankcase, said mechanism including an adjustable tappet engaging thepump plunger in the casing, and a sleeve enclosing the actuatingmechanism extending exteriorly of the crankcase, said sleeve beingmovable to permit adjustment of'the tappet.

5. In a liquid fuel injection device for internal combustion engines, acasing open at one end, a pump barrel carried within the casing, aplunger structure including a plunger extending into the barrel and aguide extension in the casing, and stop means .extending interiorly ofthe casing adjacent its open end to limit outward movement of the guideextension, said stop means being detachably associated with the casing.

6. In a liquid injecting device for internal combustion engines, acasing open at one end having an interior circular groove adjacent theopen end, a pump barrel carried within the casing, a plunger structureincluding a plunger extending into the barrel and a guide extension inthe casing, and a spring retainer seated in the groove in said casingand projecting inwardly thereof to limit outward movement of the guideextension, said spring retainer being detachable from the casingment'with the pump, said unitary pump and nozzle structure beingremovable laterally from the cylinder and actuating mechanism.

8. In combination with an engine cylinder and crank case, a unitary fuelpump and nozzle structure, means detachably securing said nozzle portionof the structure to the cylinder, and a pump actuating push rodstructure extending through the crank case into operative engagementwith the pump, said unitary structure being removable laterally from thecrank case and push rod structure without disturbing the adjustment orposition of the push rod structure.

9. In an internal combustion engine having a crank case, a cylinder anda fuel injecting structure including a pump plunger removably secured tothe cylinder; the combi nation of a bearing extending through the crankcase wall in alignment with the pump plunger, a push rod structureextending through the bearing and operative-1y engaging the pumpplunger, and a push rod retaining spring member arranged in the bearingto prevent outward displacement of the pushvrod from the crank case,said retaining spring member being (letachably associated with thebearing.

10. In combination with an engine cylinder and crankcase, a fuel pumpand nozzle structure secured to the cylinder, said structure having acasing enclosing a plunger,

actuating mechanism extending through the crank case, said mechanismincluding an adjustable tappet at one end engaging the pump plunger, anda sleeve enclosing the actuating mechanism extending exteriorly of thecrank case, said sleeve telescoping a portion of the casing and beingmovable to uncover the actuating mechanism extending exteriorly of thecrank case to permit adjustment of the tapet. p 11. In an internalcombustion engine, a crank case, a cylinder extending from the crankcase, a combined nozzle and pump structure detachably secured to thecylinder, said structure including a pump casing and a detachabletwo-part plunger, and a push rod structure extending through the crankcase and operatively engaging one end of the plunger, the part of'theplunger with which the push rod structure engages being laterallyremovable from the other plunger part when moved to a position beyondthe end of the pump casing.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

LIONEL M. WOOLSON.

